Why do fuel vehicles need turbocharging, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of different types of turbohargers?

06-06-2022

Why do fuel vehicles need turbocharging, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of different types of turbohargers?


Turbocharger function in relation to type, torque and power


Why is there a big difference in the performance of turbochargers with the same displacement or a small displacement difference, and why can the performance of a small-displacement turbocharger surpass that of a medium- and large-displacement naturally aspirated engine?


These two issues should trouble many consumers. In fact, the principle is very simple. To sum it up in three words, the reason is of course "oxygen concentration"; the turbocharging technology is "playing with oxygen", and the naturally aspirated engine is "playing with displacement". This is the difference between the two technical stages. Let's take a look at the essence of turbocharging technology.


what is turbo?


The essence of a turbocharger can be understood as an "air pump" (air compressor). "Pump" is an engine that drives and compresses fluids such as gas or liquid. The air pump, oil pump and water pump used in the process of car use are all machines with the same concept; the average tire pressure is about 2.5bar, which is compressed air standard.


The turbine is just a "part" for compressing air, and the turbocharger is divided into "supercharger turbine" and "compressor turbine". Its power can be divided into three categories according to different power sources, but no matter which one is, the high-speed rotating impeller assists in sucking in air and compressing the air.


Turbocharger types can be divided into three main categories:


Exhaust turbo, turbocharger, electric turbo


Mechanical turbocharging is connected to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine through a belt. After the crankshaft is started, the turbocharger starts to run; the "speed" of the internal combustion heat engine refers to the number of revolutions of the crankshaft per minute. At 7000rpm, the enlarged mechanical turbocharger will obviously have a lower speed and a poorer boosting effect. Therefore, this technology has basically been eliminated. As for the application of electric turbines, there are very few applications, mainly racing cars.


What is the purpose of turbocharging?


The original intention of compressed air is to "increase oxygen", and there are gaps in various molecules in the air, which are stable under the premise of constant pressure. Boost compression is to squeeze the gap of small molecules through external force - the compression becomes smaller but the volume of the container remains unchanged, will the number of air molecules in the container (cylinder) increase?


Among them, the increase of oxygen molecules is the most valuable, because the nature of fuel combustion is a redox reaction, and the internal combustion engine cannot run without oxygen; on the contrary, the same amount of fuel reacts with more oxygen in a fixed time, and the combustion speed will be faster. The faster it will be, the greater the heat energy will be converted, which is called oxy-fuel combustion.


In fact, the fuel car cannot fully burn the fuel when the car is hot, because the speed of work is too fast, and there is not enough time for the fuel and oxygen to fully react. Therefore, increasing the oxygen concentration increases the speed (efficiency) of combustion, which can achieve an increase in thermal torque by burning fuel more efficiently.


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