Turbocharger structure.

30-08-2022

Turbocharger structure.

 

Most of the current turbocharger adjustment devices are adjusted on the exhaust side. When no supercharging is required, such as idling or when there is a premonition of detonation, a part of the exhaust gas will leak out through the bypass valve and not enter the turbocharger. When the engine speed reaches 1800 rpm, the solenoid valve closes the bypass valve to direct the exhaust flow to the side of the turbine, causing the turbine to turn. There is also a design that adjusts the angle of the turbine blades, and adjusts the speed of the turbine through the change of resistance, thereby changing the amount of boost.

 

Cooling the air can shrink the air to increase its density, pack more air into the same volume, and prevent deflagration. Therefore, the turbocharger of the car is equipped with an intercooler. This intercooler is generally cooled by air, installed in front of, beside the engine radiator, or in a separate location, and is cooled by the oncoming air flow of the car or its own fan. A key part of a turbocharger is the bearing. The bearing, named after the form of lubrication, is called a "full floating bearing" and operates at extremely high speeds and harsh working conditions. Therefore, it is very important to ensure lubrication. If the oil supply is slow due to low oil pressure, it can damage the bearings and cause the turbocharger to fail. This kind of failure does not occur in normal engine startup, but if the engine is started for the first time after changing the oil and oil filter, it will produce a slow oil supply, which will cause the bearing to lack oil lubrication. In this case, it is necessary to idle for about 3 minutes after starting, and it is not possible to directly increase the speed to the starting speed of the turbocharger. Similarly, do not stop the engine immediately after high speed and uphill, and continue to run the engine at idle speed for about 1 minute, so that the bearing of the turbocharger that is still idling will not be short of oil. Therefore, drivers of supercharged turbo cars must follow the manufacturer's instructions and pay great attention to the quality of the oil. It is not appropriate to operate supercharged turbo cars as ordinary cars.

 

1. Solenoid valve, (2) cylinder combustion chamber, (3) intercooler, (4) air filter, (5) impeller, (6) turbine, (7) exhaust bypass valve

 

Development:   

 

In the past 30 years, the turbocharger has been popularized in many types of cars. It makes up for the inherent deficiencies of some naturally aspirated engines, so that the engine can increase the output power by more than 10% without changing the displacement. . Therefore, many automobile manufacturing companies use this supercharging technology to improve the output power of the engine, so as to realize the high performance of the car. The vehicles with turbochargers currently launched in China mainly include Audi 1.8T and Passat 1.8T

 

Precautions:

 

Since the turbocharger turbine often works at high speed and high temperature, the temperature of the turbocharger exhaust gas turbine end is about 600°C, and the turbocharger rotor rotates at a high speed of 832-1040r/min. Therefore, in order to ensure the normal operation of the supercharger, use The following points should be noted:

 

leave without car


After the engine is started, especially in winter, it should be allowed to idle for a period of time to allow the lubricating oil to fully lubricate the bearings before the supercharger rotor runs at high speed. Therefore, do not slam the accelerator after starting to prevent damage to the turbocharger turbine oil seal.

 

Do not turn off the flame immediately


After the engine runs at high speed for a long time, it cannot be turned off immediately. When the engine is working, a part of the oil is supplied to the turbocharger turbine rotor bearing for lubrication and cooling. After the running engine suddenly stops, the oil pressure drops to zero rapidly, the high temperature of the turbo part of the supercharger is transmitted to the middle, the heat in the bearing support shell cannot be quickly taken away, and at the same time, the supercharger rotor is still rotating at a high speed under the action of inertia. Therefore, if the engine is suddenly stopped in the hot state, it will cause the oil retained in the turbocharger to overheat and damage the bearings and shafts. Therefore, after the engine is under heavy load and running for a long time, it should run at idle speed for 3-5 minutes before turning off the flame, and let the speed of the turbocharger rotor drop before turning off the flame. In particular, it is necessary to prevent the engine from suddenly turning off after a few kicks of the accelerator.

 

keep clean


When disassembling the turbocharger, keep it clean, and plug each pipe joint with a clean cloth to prevent debris from falling into the turbocharger and damaging the rotor. During maintenance, care should be taken not to collide and damage the impeller. If the impeller needs to be replaced, it should be subjected to a dynamic balance test. After reassembly is complete, remove the blockage.

 

To be cleaned

 

Because the turbocharger turbine often runs at high temperature, its lubricating oil pipeline is prone to partial coking due to the high temperature, which will cause insufficient lubrication and damage to the supercharger bearing. Therefore, the lubricating oil line should be cleaned after a period of operation.


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